The Media Archaeology Lab is one of the largest public collections in the world of obsolete, yet functional, technology. Located on the University of Colorado Boulder campus, the MAL is where you can watch a magic lantern show, play Star Castle on a Vectrex games console, or check out the weather on an Atari 800 via Fujinet. IEEE Spectrum spoke to managing director Libi Rose Striegl about the MAL’s mission and her role in keeping all that obsolete tech functional, so that people of today can experience the media of the past.

​Libi Rose

Libi Rose Striegl is the managing director for the Media Archaeology Lab at the University of Colorado Boulder.

How is the MAL different from other collections of historical and vintage technology?

Libi Rose: Our major difference is that we treat ourselves as a lab and an experimental space for hands-on use, as opposed to a museum-type collection. We’re very much focused on the humanistic side of computer use. We’re interested in unexpected juxtapositions of technologies and ways that we can get people of all ages and all backgrounds to use these things, in either the expected ways or in unexpected ways.

What’s your role at the lab?

Rose: I do all the day-to-day admin work, managing our volunteer group, working with professors on campus to do course integration. Doing off-site events, doing repair work myself or coordinating it. [Recording a new addition] myself or coordinating it. Coordinating donations. Social-media accounts. Kind of a whole crew of people’s worth of work in one job! My office is also the repair space.

“We’re very much focused on the humanistic side of computer use.”

What’s the hardest part about keeping old systems running?

Rose: We don’t have a huge amount of trouble with old computer systems other than not having time. It’s other things that are hard to keep running. Our older things, our mechanical things, the information is gone. The people who did that work in the past have passed away. And so we’re kind of re-creating the wheel when we want to do something like repair a mechanical calculator, or figure out how to make a phonograph that stopped working start working again. For newer stuff, the hardest part of a lot of it is that the hardware itself exists, but maybe server-side infrastructure is [gone]. So older cellphones are very hard to work with, because while we can turn them on, we can’t do much else with them unless you start getting into building your own analog cell network, which we’ve talked about. Missing infrastructure is why we end up doing a lot of things. We run our little analog TV station in-house.

An analog TV station?

Rose: Yes, otherwise you can’t really see what broadcast TV would have looked like on those old analog televisions!

How do visitors respond?

Rose: It sort of depends on age and familiarity with things. Young kids are often brought in by their parents to be introduced to stuff. And my favorite reactions are from 7- and 8-year-olds who are like, “Oh, my God. I’m so sorry for you old people who had to do this.” College-age students have either their own nostalgia or sort of residual nostalgia from their parents or grandparents. They’re really interested in interacting with something that they saw on television or that their parents told them about. Older folks tend to jump right onto the nostalgia train. We get a lot of good conversation around that and where technology goes when it dies, what that all means.

This article appears in the October 2024 print issues as “5 Questions for Libi Rose.”

In March, India announced a major investment to establish a semiconductor-manufacturing industry. With US $15 billion in investments from companies, state governments, and the central government, India now has plans for several chip-packaging plants and the country’s first modern chip fab as part of a larger effort to grow its electronics industry.

But turning India into a chipmaking powerhouse will also require a substantial investment in R&D. And so the Indian government turned to IEEE Fellow and retired Georgia Tech professor Rao Tummala, a pioneer of some of the chip-packaging technologies that have become critical to modern computers. Tummala spoke with IEEE Spectrum during the IEEE Electronic Component Technology Conference in Denver, Colo., in May.

Rao Tummala

Rao Tummala is a pioneer of semiconductor packaging and a longtime research leader at Georgia Tech.

What are you helping the government of India to develop?

Rao Tummala: I’m helping to develop the R&D side of India’s semiconductor efforts. We picked 12 strategic research areas. If you explore research in those areas, you can make almost any electronic system. For each of those 12 areas, there’ll be one primary center of excellence. And that’ll be typically at an IIT (Indian Institute of Technology) campus. Then there’ll be satellite centers attached to those throughout India. So when we’re done with it, in about five years, I expect to see probably almost all the institutions involved.

Why did you decide to spend your retirement doing this?

Tummala: It’s my giving back. India gave me the best education possible at the right time.

I’ve been going to India and wanting to help for 20 years. But I wasn’t successful until the current government decided they’re going to make manufacturing and semiconductors important for the country. They asked themselves: What would be the need for semiconductors, in 10 years, 20 years, 30 years? And they quickly concluded that if you have 1.4 billion people, each consuming, say, $5,000 worth of electronics each year, it requires billions and billions of dollars’ worth of semiconductors.

“It’s my giving back. India gave me the best education possible at the right time.” —Rao Tummala, advisor to the government of India

What advantages does India have in the global semiconductor space?

Tummala: India has the best educational system in the world for the masses. It produces the very best students in science and engineering at the undergrad level and lots of them. India is already a success in design and software. All the major U.S. tech companies have facilities in India. And they go to India for two reasons. It has a lot of people with a lot of knowledge in the design and software areas, and those people are cheaper [to employ].

What are India’s weaknesses, and is the government response adequate to overcoming them?

Tummala: India is clearly behind in semiconductor manufacturing. It’s behind in knowledge and behind in infrastructure. Government doesn’t solve these problems. All that the government does is set the policies and give the money. This has given companies incentives to come to India, and therefore the semiconductor industry is beginning to flourish.

Will India ever have leading-edge chip fabs?

Tummala: Absolutely. Not only will it have leading-edge fabs, but in about 20 years, it will have the most comprehensive system-level approach of any country, including the United States. In about 10 years, the size of the electronics industry in India will probably have grown about 10 times.

This article appears in the August 2024 print issue as “5 Questions for Rao Tummala.”