Anti-NMDAR encephalitis, a rare autoimmune disease, can cause extreme psychiatric symptoms such as hallucinations, paranoia, and memory loss, often mimicking bipolar disorder or schizophrenia. This condition, often affecting women in their 20s to 30s, results from antibodies attacking brain receptors essential for cognition and memory.

Researchers revealed the intricate role of OPC cells in shaping the brain's neural circuits. Previously known mainly for supporting neuron insulation, OPCs also prune unnecessary synaptic connections, refining the brain’s wiring as we accumulate experiences.