During social interactions, human and dog brain activity becomes synchronized, with mutual gazing and petting enhancing this connection. Over five days, synchronization between human-dog pairs increased with familiarity, suggesting a leader-follower dynamic, where humans lead and dogs follow.

Researchers have discovered that brain-to-brain coupling during conversation is significantly influenced by the context in which words are used, not just by linguistic information alone. Using high-resolution electrocorticography and GPT-2 language models, they found that specific brain activity in both speakers and listeners is driven by the context-specific meaning of words.